Smoking and Vascular Disease Vasoconstriction: What Is It, Causes, Signs, Symptoms, and More Osmosis Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the narrowing or blockage of blood vessels that run from the heart to other parts of the body. Smoking can cause PAD. Quit smoking to protect your How Smoking Damages Your Arteries: The Mechanics Of Atherosclerosis Electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological and biological links Pflgers Archiv European Journal of Physiology Springer Nature Link Quitting smoking in favour of e cigarettes leads to rapid improvement in cardiovascular health Prevention Observatory of the Montreal Heart Institute