Comprehensive review of the expanding roles of the carnitine pool in metabolic physiology: beyond fatty acid oxidation Journal of Translational Medicine Springer Nature Link The Role of l Carnitine in Mitochondria, Prevention of Metabolic Inflexibility and Disease Initiation Antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antigenotoxic, and hepatic ameliorative effects of L carnitine and selenium on cadmium induced hepatotoxicity and alterations in liver cell structure in male mice ScienceDirect The adverse effects of long term l carnitine supplementation on liver and kidney function in rats L Liu, D M Zhang, M X Wang, C Y Fan, F Zhou, S J Wang, L D Kong, 2015 L carnitine is a naturally occurring amino acid structure that is made in the human brain, liver, and kidneys. L carnitine plays a critical role in energy production, as it converts fat into energy. IV Carnitine Therapy Energy Boost & Metabolism Support Minnerva Clinic